phonology is the scientific study of the organization of speech sound in certain language. it is a cover term for both phonetics and phonemics.
phonetics is how sound is produced, transmitted and heard.
phonemics is how sound is used in certain language.
why phonetics is universal?
answer: because all human being are created by the God and they are completed with the same speech organ.
why phonemics is specific?
answer: because each language has each own sound system.
phonetics divided into 3 part: articulatory phonetics (how sound is produced), acaustic phonetis (how sound is transmitted) and auditory phonetics ( how sound is heard).
why phoneme iss very important?
answer: because it can differentiate the meaning.
what is semi vowel?
answer: the consonants are voicing vowel like sounds but they /w, j/ are consonant.
eliptical lines is the hump of tongue moves to describe the movement to produce vowel.
completely vibration is how strength the air vibrates the vocal cord.
what is the function of stomach?
answer: to help the lungs fill the air.
place of articulation is the point of articulation which is touched by the articulators to modif sound into speech sound.
manner of articulations iswhen the articulators move to the point of articulations, but it is still opening, that's opening is manner.
consonants are segment marked by interruption of the airstream.
vowel are segments of speech produced without any interruption.
place of articulation: 1. bilabial /p, b, m, w/, 2. labiodental /f, v/ 3. dental, 4. alveolar, 5. post alveolar, 6. palatal, 7. velar, 8. glottal.
manner of articulation: 1. stop, 2. fricatives, 3. affricatives, 4. lateral, 5. semi vowel, 6. nasal
e.g.: /k/ vl velar stop
vertical axis: close, half close, half open, open.
horizontal axis: front, central, back.
lips position: unrounded and rounded.
example:
/i/: front close unrounded
phoneme is the sound can differentiate the meaning.
three position of consonant contrast: initial ( pit, bit)), medial (like, life), final (rap, rat).
pl /s/-/s/ after vl. stop /p, t, k/
pl /s/-/z/ a. after vd stop /b, d, g/, b. after vowel, c. after lateral /l/, d. after nasal.
pl /s/-/iz/ a. after fricatives b. after affricatives.
morpheme: free morpheme ( can stand alone), bound morpheme (can't stand alone, can't be separated)
allophones is different variants of phoneme brought about by the environment in which it appears.
allophones /p, t, k/ : di awal mendapat penekanan, di tengah dilanjutkan, di ujung ditahan.
allophone /l/: if it is followed by vowel will be clear but if it is followed by consonants in the end will be dark.
phoneme: segmental phonemes (consonants, vowels), suprasegmental phonemes (pitch, stress, intonation, juncture)
apalagi yaaah?? hihi rieuuut
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